Category: 认知语言学

NEURAL SUBSTRATES OF METAPHOR

Rachel Giora and Argyris K. Stringaris

The interest in how the brain processes METAPHORS traces its origins back to a tradition which regarded figurative language as POETIC and hence the opposite of literal language. Despite its ubiquity (Lakoff and Johnson 1980), the underlying assumption has been that this difference should be reflected both in behavioral (Grice 1975; Searle 1979) and brain mechanisms. In this chapter we examine this and other long-standing assumptions, suggesting that the interactions of linguistics with empirical, neuropsychological, and neuroscientific research have drawn a far more complex and, arguably, fascinating picture, not only about metaphor but also about the brain.

Is Metaphor Really So Different?

Does Cognitive Linguistics live up to its name?

Bert Peeters

There can be no doubt that structural linguistics, which flourished half a century ago on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, lived up to its name: it was structural because it considered languages to be self-contained entities that had either to be shaped into a rigorous structure, or actually possessed a structure which was real and merely waiting to be discovered. There can be no doubt either that transformational grammar, which in its heydays pushed structuralism into quasi-total oblivion, lived up to its name: it was transformational because it posited several successive strata or structures in sentence generation which were linked by means of transformations of all sorts. On the contemporary scene, there can be no doubt that functional linguistics lives up to its name: it attaches a great deal of importance to the way in which languages function and to the functions of language. The question that will be raised in the next few pages is the following: does Cognitive Linguistics, as we know it today, live up to its name?

英汉基本颜色词“黑”、“白”的认知语义分析

作者：张祝祥 杜凤兰

摘要：本文在认知语言学的框架内，以原型理论、隐喻和转喻为理论基础，以英汉语言中基本颜色词“黑”、“白”为例，比较分析不同语言中基本颜色词的认知语义结构的共性和个性并简要总结其成因。(《外语与外语教学》2007 年第5 期)

构式语法的“构式”之辩

作者：刘国辉

摘要：近十年来，构式语法研究获得了迅猛的发展，成果颇丰。作为认知语言学研究的一种新理论范式，笔者认为有必要就其核心概念“构式”进行一个多维诠释，以便为这方面感兴趣的研究者提供一个基本的认知框架，同时希望更多汉语界的同行把该理论范式带入汉语研究中，因为汉语这方面的语料很丰富，相信会有更多具有创新新的研究成果出现。(《外语与外语教学》2007 年第8 期)

非规约性使动构式意义建构的认知阐释

作者：张跃伟

摘要：以Goldberg 为代表的认知语言学构式语法理论认为构式是形式和意义的结合体。作为句子层次上的构式，既包括高度抽象概括的能产性规约性构式(如及物构式)，也包括凝固化程度、能产性不同的非规约性构式(如使役移动构式)。本文从构式与动词的融合、类比和概念正和运作等视角阐释非规约性使动构式意义的建构并揭示表层句法形式和潜在概念结构的关系，旨在说明非规约性构式和规约性构式一样，也有其认知基础和认知理据，遵循着一般的认知运作机制。(《外语与外语教学》2007 年第9 期)

语言理解的体验性及行动性

作者：袁野 李丹

摘要：近年来出现的语言理解的体验性与行动性观点与传统非体验模式相比，是对语言理解心理过程的更真实、更丰富的描述。通过目前已经建立并正方兴未艾的这些体验是语言理解理论，我们可以更好地了解语言理解及认知的本质，更生动、形象地分析和解释语篇甚至语法构式。对比认知心理学和认知语言学对语言理解体验性研究的不同侧重于成就，可以更好地充分展示两者相互借鉴、共同发展的现状及广阔前景。(《四川外国语学院学报》2007年第8 期)

从图形-背景理论看仿拟修辞格生成的认知本质

作者：么孝颖

摘要：本文在认知语言学理论框架内对仿拟修辞格进行研究，提出了仿拟背景和和仿拟图形、本体背景和本体图形以及方体背景和仿体图形的概念，并对仿拟背景和仿拟图形之间的关系、制约仿拟背景和仿拟图形选择的因素以及指导仿拟图形替换的认知原则进行了常识性的认知分析和论证。(《外语研究》2007 年第4 期)

仿拟理解与转喻思维的异同

作者：陈香兰

摘要：本文从认知语用角度对仿拟理解和转喻思维的认知操作进行比较。仿拟理解与转喻思维有相似之处。通过本体和仿体认知域之间的相互作用或的理解，操作域为矩阵域，并且在操作过程中任职背景、现时语境和个人语用因素都发挥作用。仿拟理解与转喻思维的区别在于两种矩阵域的性质不同。转喻操作中的认知矩阵域有原型性特征，体现在次域能激活整体矩阵域或整体矩阵域能激活次域。而仿拟矩阵域没有这样的原型性特征。(《外语学刊》2007年第5 期)

by Dick Hudson <dick@linguistics.ucl.ac.uk>

25 July 2000

A few weeks ago I asked for suggestions for introductory reading on cognitive linguistics for undergraduates. The following is a copy of the annotated bibliography that I’ve been able to build up, largely with help from the following:

Guenter Radden, Gerhard van Huyssteen, Paul Peranteau (of John Benjamins publishers), Andrew McMichael, Joe Hilferty, Marjolijn Verspoor, Gary Palmer, Len Talmy, Sherman Wilcox, Sharon Hutchins.

Prepared by Vyv Evans

www.vyvevans.net

If you would like to find out more about various topics in cognitive linguistics, the　following listing provides suggestions for follow-up reading. I have restricted my　selection to published books (including both monographs, edited volumes and　volumes in press). The …

The following lists of homepages are designed to be a useful resource to find out more about cognitive linguists and in particular, who is doing what research. Many people place links to their work on their pages in .pdf form for download. Browse these lists to find out about people’s current research.

If your page or others that you feel would be useful to cognitive linguists are not listed, let us know and we will post them. To send links, please contact the Web Editor .

Journals

Cognitive Linguistics, the journal of the ICLA, subscription comes with ICLA Membership). Link to Mouton page for Cognitive Linguistics (Mouton, 1990-)
Pragmatics and Cognition (Benjamins, 1993-)
Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics (Benjamins, 2003-)
Constructions (peer-reviewed e-journal, University of Düsseldorf, 2004-)
Cognitextes, Review of AFLiCo, the French Cognitive Linguistics Association, an ICLA affiliate organization (peer-reviewed e-journal, AFLiCO 2007-)

美国英语中“女性语体”的特征及其形成缘由探析

摘 要：男女两性在语言习得、语言能力和语言运用等方面都存在着不可忽视的差异，这些差异在不同地区、不同文化传统里有所不同，有的差异明显一些，有的差异可能不是太明显，但男女两性语言上的差异是人类语言中的一种普遍现象。本文将对美国英语中女性语言的一些主要特征及其形成的原因进行分析以揭示和解释一些语言现象。

关键词：性别 语言 差异 因素