Category: 语言学

语法标记的功能扩展是一种重要的语言现象，不论从语言发展的历史还是从跨语言的角度看，这种扩展往往具有很高的规律性。其背后存在着深刻的认知动因。本文以人类语言的基本语法范畴之一¾工具格为例来探讨这一问题。工具格是一种重要的语法范畴，是语言表达必不可少的功能之一，不同的语言用不同的手段来表示它，有的语言用屈折形态表示

Moral Politics:How Liberals and Conservatives Think

An excerpt from

Moral Politics

How Liberals and Conservatives Think

George Lakoff

Chapter Two

The Worldview Problem for American Politics

Puzzles for Liberals

Conservatives are fond of suggesting that liberals don’t understand what they say, that they just don’t get it. The conservatives are right. The ascendancy of conservative ideology in recent years and, in particular, the startling conservative victory in the 1994 congressional elections have left liberals mystified about a great many things. Here are some examples.

NEURAL SUBSTRATES OF METAPHOR

Rachel Giora and Argyris K. Stringaris

The interest in how the brain processes METAPHORS traces its origins back to a tradition which regarded figurative language as POETIC and hence the opposite of literal language. Despite its ubiquity (Lakoff and Johnson 1980), the underlying assumption has been that this difference should be reflected both in behavioral (Grice 1975; Searle 1979) and brain mechanisms. In this chapter we examine this and other long-standing assumptions, suggesting that the interactions of linguistics with empirical, neuropsychological, and neuroscientific research have drawn a far more complex and, arguably, fascinating picture, not only about metaphor but also about the brain.

Is Metaphor Really So Different?

Does Cognitive Linguistics live up to its name?

Bert Peeters

There can be no doubt that structural linguistics, which flourished half a century ago on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, lived up to its name: it was structural because it considered languages to be self-contained entities that had either to be shaped into a rigorous structure, or actually possessed a structure which was real and merely waiting to be discovered. There can be no doubt either that transformational grammar, which in its heydays pushed structuralism into quasi-total oblivion, lived up to its name: it was transformational because it posited several successive strata or structures in sentence generation which were linked by means of transformations of all sorts. On the contemporary scene, there can be no doubt that functional linguistics lives up to its name: it attaches a great deal of importance to the way in which languages function and to the functions of language. The question that will be raised in the next few pages is the following: does Cognitive Linguistics, as we know it today, live up to its name?

Argument Is War–Or is it a Game of Chess?

Multiple Meanings in the Analysis of Implicit Metaphors

David Ritchie

Metaphor and Symbol, 18(2), 125-146.

Abstract

Both Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and Vervaeke and Kennedy (1996), in their critique of Lakoff and Johnson, draw narrowly from a broad range of reasonable interpretations of the metaphors they analyze. Expanding the interpretations vitiates many of Vervaeke and Kennedy’s criticisms, but it supports their call for an open interpretation of groups of metaphors, and points toward a more complex elaboration of the theories put forth by Lakoff and his colleagues.

英汉基本颜色词“黑”、“白”的认知语义分析

作者：张祝祥 杜凤兰

摘要：本文在认知语言学的框架内，以原型理论、隐喻和转喻为理论基础，以英汉语言中基本颜色词“黑”、“白”为例，比较分析不同语言中基本颜色词的认知语义结构的共性和个性并简要总结其成因。(《外语与外语教学》2007 年第5 期)

构式语法的“构式”之辩

作者：刘国辉

摘要：近十年来，构式语法研究获得了迅猛的发展，成果颇丰。作为认知语言学研究的一种新理论范式，笔者认为有必要就其核心概念“构式”进行一个多维诠释，以便为这方面感兴趣的研究者提供一个基本的认知框架，同时希望更多汉语界的同行把该理论范式带入汉语研究中，因为汉语这方面的语料很丰富，相信会有更多具有创新新的研究成果出现。(《外语与外语教学》2007 年第8 期)

被有意错译的几个英文单词

Dialectics：正式译为“辩证法”，其实原意有“诡辩术”之意。

Materialism：正式译为“唯物主义”。其实字面上的原意为“物质主义”，或“实利主义”，并无“唯一”的含义。

Idealism：正式译为“唯心主义”。其实字面上的原意为“理想主义”，并无“唯一”的含义。

Proletariat：原意为“最下层阶级”，被翻译为“无产阶级”。

Dictatorship： 正式译为“专政”。其实字面上的原意为“独裁”。

Evolution：在有关达尔文的理论的中国语译文中，应译为“演化”，即逐渐变化的意思，而不是现在经常有意译为的“进化”。

by Dick Hudson <dick@linguistics.ucl.ac.uk>

25 July 2000

A few weeks ago I asked for suggestions for introductory reading on cognitive linguistics for undergraduates. The following is a copy of the annotated bibliography that I’ve been able to build up, largely with help from the following:

Guenter Radden, Gerhard van Huyssteen, Paul Peranteau (of John Benjamins publishers), Andrew McMichael, Joe Hilferty, Marjolijn Verspoor, Gary Palmer, Len Talmy, Sherman Wilcox, Sharon Hutchins.

Prepared by Vyv Evans

www.vyvevans.net

If you would like to find out more about various topics in cognitive linguistics, the　following listing provides suggestions for follow-up reading. I have restricted my　selection to published books (including both monographs, edited volumes and　volumes in press). The …

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